{"id":184,"date":"2024-04-11T19:21:09","date_gmt":"2024-04-11T19:21:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cn-seo.org\/?p=184"},"modified":"2024-04-11T19:21:09","modified_gmt":"2024-04-11T19:21:09","slug":"plastik-101-keadaan-planet-ini","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cn-seo.org\/?p=184","title":{"rendered":"Plastik 101 \u2013 Keadaan Planet Ini"},"content":{"rendered":"<p> <br \/>\n<\/p>\n<div>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignright size-medium\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"650\" height=\"488\" src=\"https:\/\/sotp.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/quiz-plastics-101-banner-4x3-1-650x488.jpg\" alt=\"Kuis: Spanduk Plastik 101\" class=\"wp-image-112636\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sotp.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/quiz-plastics-101-banner-4x3-1-650x488.jpg 650w, https:\/\/sotp.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/quiz-plastics-101-banner-4x3-1-400x300.jpg 400w, https:\/\/sotp.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/quiz-plastics-101-banner-4x3-1-925x694.jpg 925w, https:\/\/sotp.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/quiz-plastics-101-banner-4x3-1-325x244.jpg 325w, https:\/\/sotp.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/quiz-plastics-101-banner-4x3-1-800x600.jpg 800w, https:\/\/sotp.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/quiz-plastics-101-banner-4x3-1.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 714px) calc(100vw - (var(--wp--style--root--padding-left) * 2)), 650px\"\/><\/figure>\n<p style=\"font-size:clamp(0.875rem, 0.875rem + ((1vw - 0.2rem) * 0.682), 1.25rem);\">Dari botol hingga tas, komputer hingga pakaian, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nationalgeographic.com\/environment\/article\/microplastics-found-near-everests-peak-highest-ever-detected-world-perpetual-planet\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Gunung Everest<\/a> ke <a href=\"https:\/\/education.nationalgeographic.org\/resource\/plastic-bag-found-bottom-worlds-deepest-ocean-trench\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Palung Mariana<\/a>, plastik ditemukan di mana-mana di dunia saat ini.  Meskipun Anda mungkin menggunakan plastik setiap hari, seberapa banyak yang Anda ketahui tentang &#8220;Bahan Seribu Kegunaan&#8221; ini?  Sebagai bagian dari tahun ini <a href=\"https:\/\/earthday.columbia.edu\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">hari Bumi<\/a>yang menyerukan pengurangan 60% produksi semua plastik pada tahun 2040, uji neuroplastisitas Anda sendiri dalam kuis di bawah ini.<\/p>\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-style-smc-quiz has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Plastik terdiri dari molekul yang sangat besar yang disebut:<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"is-style-smc-correct\">Polimer<\/li>\n<li>Glikolipid<\/li>\n<li>Plastisin<\/li>\n<li>tabung nano<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignright size-medium\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"650\" height=\"431\" src=\"https:\/\/sotp.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/monomer-polymer-illustration-lg-650x431.jpg\" alt=\"Ilustrasi sederhana tentang blok bangunan yang digabungkan menjadi blok yang lebih besar.\" class=\"wp-image-112587\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sotp.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/monomer-polymer-illustration-lg-650x431.jpg 650w, https:\/\/sotp.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/monomer-polymer-illustration-lg-325x215.jpg 325w, https:\/\/sotp.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/monomer-polymer-illustration-lg.jpg 866w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 714px) calc(100vw - (var(--wp--style--root--padding-left) * 2)), 650px\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Ilustrasi sederhana tentang bagaimana monomer dapat bergabung membentuk polimer.  (Solusi Teknologi Zappys \/ Flickr)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Polimer, dari kata Yunani yang berarti \u201cbanyak bagian\u201d, adalah molekul besar yang terdiri dari banyak subunit berulang, yang dikenal sebagai monomer, yang terikat secara kimia menjadi satu.  Polimer dicirikan oleh berat molekulnya yang tinggi dan dapat menunjukkan berbagai sifat fisik dan kimia.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Polimer sintetik, atau plastik, berasal dari:<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Karet asli<\/li>\n<li>silika<\/li>\n<li class=\"is-style-smc-correct\">Minyak bumi<\/li>\n<li>Lemak hewani<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<p>Meskipun polimer alami \u2013 seperti sutra, wol, DNA, selulosa, dan protein \u2013 terdapat di alam dan seringkali berbahan dasar air, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cmu.edu\/gelfand\/lgc-educational-media\/polymers\/natural-synthetic-polymers\/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">polimer sintetik<\/a> adalah buatan manusia dan berasal dari minyak bumi.  Polimer sintetik yang umum termasuk nilon, polietilen, poliester, dan Teflon.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Plastik sintetik pertama yang sepenuhnya &#8211; artinya tidak mengandung molekul yang ditemukan di alam &#8211; disebut:<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Adamantium<\/li>\n<li class=\"is-style-smc-correct\">Bakelit<\/li>\n<li>Bologna<\/li>\n<li>Styrofoam<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;uploadedSrc&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/sotp.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2024\\\/04\\\/Bakelite_Telephone.jpg&quot;,&quot;figureClassNames&quot;:&quot;wp-block-image alignright size-medium&quot;,&quot;figureStyles&quot;:null,&quot;imgClassNames&quot;:&quot;wp-image-112583&quot;,&quot;imgStyles&quot;:null,&quot;targetWidth&quot;:2028,&quot;targetHeight&quot;:1570,&quot;scaleAttr&quot;:false,&quot;ariaLabel&quot;:&quot;Enlarge image: Photo of a vintage black \\u0022plastic\\u0022 telephone with rotary dial.&quot;,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;Photo of a vintage black \\u0022plastic\\u0022 telephone with rotary dial.&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" class=\"wp-block-image alignright size-medium wp-lightbox-container\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"650\" height=\"503\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/sotp.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Bakelite_Telephone-650x503.jpg\" alt=\"Foto hitam antik &quot;plastik&quot; telepon dengan tombol putar.\" class=\"wp-image-112583\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sotp.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Bakelite_Telephone-650x503.jpg 650w, https:\/\/sotp.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Bakelite_Telephone-1200x929.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/sotp.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Bakelite_Telephone-925x716.jpg 925w, https:\/\/sotp.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Bakelite_Telephone-325x252.jpg 325w, https:\/\/sotp.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Bakelite_Telephone.jpg 2028w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 714px) calc(100vw - (var(--wp--style--root--padding-left) * 2)), 650px\"\/><button class=\"lightbox-trigger\" type=\"button\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\" aria-label=\"Enlarge image: Photo of a vintage black &quot;plastic&quot; telephone with rotary dial.\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-style--right=\"context.imageButtonRight\" data-wp-style--top=\"context.imageButtonTop\"><br \/>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewbox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\"\/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg><br \/>\n\t\t<\/button><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Telepon Bakelite.  (William Warby \/ Wikimedia Commons)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Leo Baekeland menemukan Bakelite, plastik sintetis pertama, pada tahun 1907. Baekeland sedang mencari pengganti lak, isolator listrik alami, untuk memenuhi kebutuhan Amerika Serikat yang berkembang pesat.  Bakelite menjadi sukses komersial besar, dan digunakan dalam isolasi listrik, selubung radio dan telepon, dan berbagai produk konsumen.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Menurut perkiraan saat ini, berapa banyak sampah plastik yang dihasilkan di seluruh dunia setiap tahunnya?<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>100 juta metrik ton<\/li>\n<li>200 juta metrik ton<\/li>\n<li>300 juta metrik ton<\/li>\n<li class=\"is-style-smc-correct\">400 juta metrik ton<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<p>Berdasarkan <a href=\"https:\/\/www.unep.org\/interactives\/beat-plastic-pollution\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Program Lingkungan Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa<\/a>sekitar 400 juta metrik ton (441 US short ton) sampah plastik dihasilkan setiap tahun \u2013 setara dengan sekitar 1.208 Empire State Building berdasarkan beratnya.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Dari seluruh plastik yang pernah diproduksi, kira-kira berapa banyak yang didaur ulang?<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"is-style-smc-correct\">9 persen<\/li>\n<li>21 persen<\/li>\n<li>50 persen<\/li>\n<li>86 persen<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Tahap manakah dalam siklus hidup plastik sekali pakai yang tidak berkontribusi terhadap perubahan iklim?<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Manufaktur<\/li>\n<li>Pembuangan<\/li>\n<li>Daur ulang<\/li>\n<li class=\"is-style-smc-correct\">Bukan dari salah satu di atas<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;uploadedSrc&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/sotp.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2024\\\/04\\\/Sinclair_Refinery_Sinclair_Wyoming.jpg&quot;,&quot;figureClassNames&quot;:&quot;wp-block-image alignright size-medium&quot;,&quot;figureStyles&quot;:null,&quot;imgClassNames&quot;:&quot;wp-image-112590&quot;,&quot;imgStyles&quot;:null,&quot;targetWidth&quot;:2347,&quot;targetHeight&quot;:1205,&quot;scaleAttr&quot;:false,&quot;ariaLabel&quot;:&quot;Enlarge image: Photo of a refinery facility beneath a blue sky.&quot;,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;Photo of a refinery facility beneath a blue sky.&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" class=\"wp-block-image alignright size-medium wp-lightbox-container\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"650\" height=\"334\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/sotp.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Sinclair_Refinery_Sinclair_Wyoming-650x334.jpg\" alt=\"Foto kilang di bawah langit biru.\" class=\"wp-image-112590\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sotp.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Sinclair_Refinery_Sinclair_Wyoming-650x334.jpg 650w, https:\/\/sotp.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Sinclair_Refinery_Sinclair_Wyoming-1200x616.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/sotp.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Sinclair_Refinery_Sinclair_Wyoming-925x475.jpg 925w, https:\/\/sotp.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Sinclair_Refinery_Sinclair_Wyoming-325x167.jpg 325w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 714px) calc(100vw - (var(--wp--style--root--padding-left) * 2)), 650px\"\/><button class=\"lightbox-trigger\" type=\"button\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\" aria-label=\"Enlarge image: Photo of a refinery facility beneath a blue sky.\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-style--right=\"context.imageButtonRight\" data-wp-style--top=\"context.imageButtonTop\"><br \/>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewbox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\"\/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg><br \/>\n\t\t<\/button><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Minyak mentah diproses di kilang seperti fasilitas di Wyoming ini untuk menghasilkan bahan mentah produksi plastik, seperti naptha.  (James St.John \/ Wikimedia Commons)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Mulai dari ekstraksi bahan bakar fosil hingga pembuangan sampah, plastik menghasilkan emisi gas rumah kaca yang berkontribusi terhadap perubahan iklim di setiap tahap siklus hidupnya.  Bahkan daur ulang plastik pun mempunyai dampak buruk terhadap lingkungan, meskipun secara umum hal ini menghasilkan pengurangan emisi gas rumah kaca dibandingkan dengan produksi plastik murni.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Plastik yang dihasilkan dari bahan biologis terbarukan dan bukan minyak bumi disebut:<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Neoplastik<\/li>\n<li class=\"is-style-smc-correct\">Bioplastik<\/li>\n<li>Lingkungan Hidup<\/li>\n<li>Hidroplastik<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignright size-medium\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"650\" height=\"386\" src=\"https:\/\/sotp.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Cutlery_made_from_Cellulose_Acetate_Biograde-crop-650x386.jpg\" alt=\"Gambar pisau, garpu dan sendok.  Semuanya bioplastik putih.\" class=\"wp-image-112585\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sotp.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Cutlery_made_from_Cellulose_Acetate_Biograde-crop-650x386.jpg 650w, https:\/\/sotp.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Cutlery_made_from_Cellulose_Acetate_Biograde-crop-925x550.jpg 925w, https:\/\/sotp.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Cutlery_made_from_Cellulose_Acetate_Biograde-crop-325x193.jpg 325w, https:\/\/sotp.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Cutlery_made_from_Cellulose_Acetate_Biograde-crop.jpg 1184w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 714px) calc(100vw - (var(--wp--style--root--padding-left) * 2)), 650px\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Peralatan makan biodegradable terbuat dari selulosa asetat.  (F.Kesselring, FKuR Willich \/ Wikimedia Commons)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Bioplastik dihasilkan dari bahan biologis seperti lemak dan minyak nabati, pati jagung, jerami, pulp kayu, atau sisa makanan daur ulang.  Bioplastik juga bersifat biodegradable, artinya dapat terurai oleh organisme hidup, biasanya mikroba.  Meskipun bioplastik memberikan banyak manfaat, <a href=\"https:\/\/news.climate.columbia.edu\/2017\/12\/13\/the-truth-about-bioplastics\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">itu bukan peluru perak<\/a> ketika membahas masalah polusi plastik di dunia.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Pernyataan berikut ini yang benar mengenai Great Pacific Garbage Patch:<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Ini adalah pulau sampah yang padat<\/li>\n<li>Itu bisa dilihat dari luar angkasa<\/li>\n<li>Sebagian besar terdiri dari botol plastik mengambang<\/li>\n<li class=\"is-style-smc-correct\">Ini adalah wilayah lautan luas yang membentang antara California dan Jepang<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;uploadedSrc&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/sotp.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2024\\\/04\\\/Pacific-garbage-patch-map_2010_noaamdp.jpg&quot;,&quot;figureClassNames&quot;:&quot;wp-block-image alignright size-medium&quot;,&quot;figureStyles&quot;:null,&quot;imgClassNames&quot;:&quot;wp-image-112588&quot;,&quot;imgStyles&quot;:null,&quot;targetWidth&quot;:2048,&quot;targetHeight&quot;:1303,&quot;scaleAttr&quot;:false,&quot;ariaLabel&quot;:&quot;Enlarge image: Simplified map of the Pacific Ocean.&quot;,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;Simplified map of the Pacific Ocean.&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" class=\"wp-block-image alignright size-medium wp-lightbox-container\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"650\" height=\"414\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/sotp.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Pacific-garbage-patch-map_2010_noaamdp-650x414.jpg\" alt=\"Peta sederhana Samudera Pasifik.\" class=\"wp-image-112588\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sotp.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Pacific-garbage-patch-map_2010_noaamdp-650x414.jpg 650w, https:\/\/sotp.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Pacific-garbage-patch-map_2010_noaamdp-1200x763.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/sotp.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Pacific-garbage-patch-map_2010_noaamdp-925x589.jpg 925w, https:\/\/sotp.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Pacific-garbage-patch-map_2010_noaamdp-325x207.jpg 325w, https:\/\/sotp.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Pacific-garbage-patch-map_2010_noaamdp.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 714px) calc(100vw - (var(--wp--style--root--padding-left) * 2)), 650px\"\/><button class=\"lightbox-trigger\" type=\"button\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\" aria-label=\"Enlarge image: Simplified map of the Pacific Ocean.\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-style--right=\"context.imageButtonRight\" data-wp-style--top=\"context.imageButtonTop\"><br \/>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewbox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\"\/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg><br \/>\n\t\t<\/button><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Peta sederhana mengenai arus laut, ciri-ciri dan area akumulasi sampah laut (termasuk &#8220;sampah&#8221;) di Samudera Pasifik.  Ada banyak faktor yang mempengaruhi lokasi, ukuran dan kekuatan semua fitur ini sepanjang tahun, termasuk musim dan El Ni\u00f1o\/La Ni\u00f1a.  (Program Sampah Laut NOAA)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Great Pacific Garbage Patch adalah akumulasi plastik laut terbesar di dunia.  Seluruh Great Pacific Garbage Patch dibatasi oleh Pusaran Subtropis Pasifik Utara (sistem besar arus laut yang berputar-putar) yang luasnya sekitar 7,7 juta mil persegi.  Tambalan tersebut hampir seluruhnya terdiri dari mikroplastik \u2013 potongan plastik kecil berukuran kurang dari lima milimeter \u2013 yang menimbulkan ancaman besar bagi kehidupan laut.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Sebuah studi penelitian awal tahun ini menemukan bahwa air dalam botol plastik mengandung banyak partikel plastik kecil yang berukuran kurang dari satu mikrometer.  Partikel plastik kecil ini disebut:<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Mikroplastik<\/li>\n<li>Miliplastik<\/li>\n<li class=\"is-style-smc-correct\">nanoplastik<\/li>\n<li>Zetaplastik<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;uploadedSrc&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/sotp.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2024\\\/04\\\/Microplastics_that_have_penetrated_inside_cells.png&quot;,&quot;figureClassNames&quot;:&quot;wp-block-image alignright size-medium&quot;,&quot;figureStyles&quot;:null,&quot;imgClassNames&quot;:&quot;wp-image-112586&quot;,&quot;imgStyles&quot;:null,&quot;targetWidth&quot;:2584,&quot;targetHeight&quot;:1936,&quot;scaleAttr&quot;:false,&quot;ariaLabel&quot;:&quot;Enlarge image: Image of small particles in and around a cell.&quot;,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;Image of small particles in and around a cell.&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" class=\"wp-block-image alignright size-medium wp-lightbox-container\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"650\" height=\"487\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/sotp.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Microplastics_that_have_penetrated_inside_cells-650x487.png\" alt=\"Gambar partikel kecil di dalam dan sekitar sel.\" class=\"wp-image-112586\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sotp.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Microplastics_that_have_penetrated_inside_cells-650x487.png 650w, https:\/\/sotp.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Microplastics_that_have_penetrated_inside_cells-1200x899.png 1200w, https:\/\/sotp.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Microplastics_that_have_penetrated_inside_cells-400x300.png 400w, https:\/\/sotp.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Microplastics_that_have_penetrated_inside_cells-925x693.png 925w, https:\/\/sotp.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Microplastics_that_have_penetrated_inside_cells-325x243.png 325w, https:\/\/sotp.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Microplastics_that_have_penetrated_inside_cells-800x600.png 800w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 714px) calc(100vw - (var(--wp--style--root--padding-left) * 2)), 650px\"\/><button class=\"lightbox-trigger\" type=\"button\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\" aria-label=\"Enlarge image: Image of small particles in and around a cell.\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-style--right=\"context.imageButtonRight\" data-wp-style--top=\"context.imageButtonTop\"><br \/>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewbox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\"\/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg><br \/>\n\t\t<\/button><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Mikroplastik berukuran 0,5 \u03bcm menembus sitoplasma sel hepatosit MH-22a.  (Karimov Denis, Valova Iana \/ Wikimedia Commons)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Nanoplastik adalah partikel plastik kecil yang berukuran kurang dari satu mikrometer.  (Meski kecil, mikroplastik didefinisikan sebagai pecahan berukuran kurang dari lima milimeter.) <a href=\"https:\/\/news.climate.columbia.edu\/2024\/01\/08\/bottled-water-can-contain-hundreds-of-thousands-of-previously-uncounted-tiny-plastic-bits-study-finds\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Pembelajaran<\/a> menemukan bahwa rata-rata, satu liter air kemasan mengandung sekitar 240.000 pecahan plastik yang terdeteksi\u201410 hingga 100 kali lebih besar dari perkiraan sebelumnya, yang terutama didasarkan pada ukuran partikel yang lebih besar.  Meskipun nanoplastik berukuran sangat kecil sehingga mudah masuk ke dalam tubuh manusia, para ilmuwan baru mulai mempelajari potensi dampaknya terhadap kesehatan manusia.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Para ilmuwan baru-baru ini mencapai kemajuan dalam mengembangkan enzim yang dapat memecah plastik PET \u2013 yang biasa digunakan untuk botol plastik dan tekstil \u2013 dalam lingkungan komersial dan lingkungan.  Dari mikroorganisme manakah enzim ini berasal?<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"is-style-smc-correct\">Bakteri<\/li>\n<li>ganggang<\/li>\n<li>jamur<\/li>\n<li>Protozoa<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;uploadedSrc&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/sotp.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2024\\\/04\\\/Carbios-reacteur-saint-beauzire.webp&quot;,&quot;figureClassNames&quot;:&quot;wp-block-image alignright size-medium&quot;,&quot;figureStyles&quot;:null,&quot;imgClassNames&quot;:&quot;wp-image-112584&quot;,&quot;imgStyles&quot;:null,&quot;targetWidth&quot;:2208,&quot;targetHeight&quot;:1583,&quot;scaleAttr&quot;:false,&quot;ariaLabel&quot;:&quot;Enlarge image: Photo of tabletop lab equipment.&quot;,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;Photo of tabletop lab equipment.&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" class=\"wp-block-image alignright size-medium wp-lightbox-container\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"650\" height=\"466\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/sotp.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Carbios-reacteur-saint-beauzire-650x466.webp\" alt=\"Foto peralatan laboratorium di atas meja.\" class=\"wp-image-112584\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sotp.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Carbios-reacteur-saint-beauzire-650x466.webp 650w, https:\/\/sotp.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Carbios-reacteur-saint-beauzire-1200x860.webp 1200w, https:\/\/sotp.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Carbios-reacteur-saint-beauzire-925x663.webp 925w, https:\/\/sotp.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Carbios-reacteur-saint-beauzire-325x233.webp 325w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 714px) calc(100vw - (var(--wp--style--root--padding-left) * 2)), 650px\"\/><button class=\"lightbox-trigger\" type=\"button\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\" aria-label=\"Enlarge image: Photo of tabletop lab equipment.\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-style--right=\"context.imageButtonRight\" data-wp-style--top=\"context.imageButtonTop\"><br \/>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewbox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\"\/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg><br \/>\n\t\t<\/button><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Reaktor yang digunakan dalam daur ulang enzimatik PET.  (karbohidrat)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Perusahaan Perancis <a href=\"https:\/\/www.carbios.com\/en\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Karbohidrat<\/a> sudah menggunakan proses yang disebut &#8220;daur ulang enzimatik&#8221; untuk mendaur ulang plastik PET sesuai dengan prinsip ekonomi sirkular.  Namun tantangan terkait efisiensi, keselamatan, dan kelayakan teknis dan ekonomi perlu diatasi sebelum bakteri \u201cpemakan plastik\u201d menjadi kenyataan praktis.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-style-smc-post-quiz has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<p><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/news.climate.columbia.edu\/tag\/quiz\/\">Kuis State of the Planet lainnya \u00bb<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Dari botol hingga tas, komputer hingga pakaian, Gunung Everest ke Palung Mariana, plastik ditemukan di mana-mana di dunia saat ini. Meskipun Anda mungkin menggunakan plastik setiap hari, seberapa banyak yang Anda ketahui tentang &#8220;Bahan Seribu Kegunaan&#8221; ini? Sebagai bagian dari tahun ini hari Bumiyang menyerukan pengurangan 60% produksi semua plastik pada tahun 2040, uji neuroplastisitas&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":185,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-184","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-berita"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/cn-seo.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/184","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/cn-seo.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/cn-seo.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cn-seo.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cn-seo.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=184"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/cn-seo.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/184\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cn-seo.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/185"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/cn-seo.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=184"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cn-seo.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=184"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cn-seo.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=184"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}